Hidden Dangers Lurking in Our Kitchens and Closets

Uncovering Plastics and PFAS in Everyday Products

This week, The New York Times recommended a brand of non-stick cookware with the statement:

"While we believe nonstick pans are safe to cook with when used at moderate temperatures, we recognize that there are serious environmental concerns associated with the production of nonstick coatings, as well as potential health risks with routine exposure to the chemicals (known as PFAS) used during that production."

However, I believe The New York Times could do better in addressing this issue.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as “forever chemicals,” are synthetic compounds known for their persistence in both the environment and the human body. These chemicals are commonly used in nonstick cookware, as well as in water-repellent fabrics, and have been linked to serious health concerns, including liver damage, thyroid disease, and certain cancers.

The article claims that using PFAS-containing cookware at “moderate temperatures” is safe, but there is no data to support this assertion, nor did the article provide a clear definition of what constitutes “moderate temperatures.” This lack of clarity is concerning, as even low levels of PFAS exposure can be harmful over time. The claim that moderate cooking temperatures are safe could mislead consumers into thinking that using these products is risk-free, which is simply not the case.

By downplaying the risks associated with PFAS and offering vague guidance, The New York Times misses an important opportunity to educate readers about the real dangers of these chemicals. A more responsible approach would be to acknowledge the growing evidence of harm from PFAS and encourage the use of safer, more sustainable cookware options. It’s essential that we make informed decisions to protect both our health and the environment.

So, let’s take a closer look.

Dangers lurking in Cookware: A Closer Look

Nonstick cookware, particularly those coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is a popular choice in many kitchens for its convenience. However, concerns grow when these pans are damaged or overheated, as they may release toxic microplastics and PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) into food. Experts warn that scratched or worn-out nonstick pans can leach harmful chemicals into meals, presenting potential health risks.

One study conducted by Australian researchers found that even a single scratch on a Teflon-coated pan can release as many as 9,100 plastic particles into food. This discovery underscores the serious health risks associated with using damaged nonstick cookware. While nonstick cookware can be convenient, its potential for harm increases as it becomes worn down over time.

Manufacturers Past Negligence Has Exposed Everyone to PFAS

The risks associated with PFAS go beyond cookware. A recent study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that PFAS are present in the blood of nearly everyone, including most babies. According to the study,

“the vast majority of the U.S. population still has measurable quantities of these legacy PFAS in their blood, including people born after the initial phase-out of production or environmental emissions of some PFAS.”

This widespread contamination highlights the long-lasting and pervasive nature of these chemicals, which have accumulated in both the environment and the human body over decades.

Making informed choices: The Power of Your Dollar

To reduce your family’s exposure to PFAS in cookware, I recommend replacing non-stick pans—especially if they are scratched or damaged—with safer alternatives like cast iron, stainless steel, or ceramic-coated cookware (such as Le Creuset). These options are free from PFAS and offer durable, non-toxic cooking surfaces. It’s important to note that some non-stick pans labeled "PFOA-Free" may still contain short-chain PFAS substitutes, which haven’t been proven to be safe. Cast iron, when properly seasoned with cooking oils, creates a natural non-stick surface and has been a trusted kitchen tool for centuries.

Beyond cookware, you can further reduce your exposure to PFAS by purchasing from companies that are taking proactive steps to eliminate these chemicals from their products. One such company is Patagonia, which is actively working to remove PFAS from its supply chain. Their recent video outlines their commitment to ensuring that all new styles will be free of intentionally added PFAS by Spring 2025. This is a great example of a brand that prioritizes both environmental responsibility and human health.

Patagonia’s commitment extends beyond product design; they implement a rigorous Supply Chain Environmental Responsibility Program. This program involves regular audits of manufacturing facilities to ensure compliance with environmental standards and best practices. Given this commitment, it’s highly unlikely that Patagonia would partner with companies like Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, which has faced serious concerns (read more about these issues in my previous blog posts). By holding its suppliers accountable, Patagonia strives to reduce the environmental impact of its products from production to end use, underscoring its dedication to sustainability and the proactive elimination of PFAS.

Mitigating PFAS Exposure: Practical Steps

Reducing exposure to PFAS requires informed choices in daily life:

• Cookware Choices: Opt for PFAS-free cookware options. Materials such as cast iron, stainless steel, and glass are considered safe alternatives. Proper seasoning of cast iron can provide a natural nonstick surface, while stainless steel and glass offer durability and versatility without the associated health risks of nonstick coatings.

• Water Filtration: Given the prevalence of PFAS in water supplies, utilizing home water filtration systems, such as reverse osmosis or granular activated carbon, certified to remove PFAS can significantly reduce exposure. Regularly replacing filters and staying informed about local water quality reports are proactive steps to ensure safer drinking water.

• Stay Informed: Awareness is a powerful tool. Keeping abreast of the latest research and guidelines from reputable sources can aid in making informed decisions to protect oneself and loved ones from PFAS-related risks.

While PFAS are pervasive in modern environments, you can make conscious choices and take proactive measures to substantially mitigate exposure and associated health risks. By selecting safer cookware, ensuring clean drinking water, and staying informed, you can take meaningful steps toward a healthier lifestyle.

Mindi Messmer, MS, PG, CG is an environmental and public health scientist and author of Female Disruptors: Stories of Mighty Female Scientists. The book is available on Amazon, Barnes & Noble and through your local bookstore.