Scientific studies revealing the adverse effects of chemical exposure, particularly on children, significantly lag behind the introduction and widespread use of chemicals in the United States (US). This time gap raises concerns, especially when multiple lines of evidence indicate potential impacts on children, even before birth, or suggest alterations in childhood development.
For instance, a recent study involving over 17,000 girls revealed that they are undergoing early development of breasts and other puberty-related characteristics compared to previous decades. This trend may be more pronounced among girls of African American descent. Similarly, a study conducted in 2009 involving nearly 1,000 school-aged girls in Copenhagen observed that the average age of breast development was 7 or 8, and girls were experiencing their periods earlier, around the age of 13. Notably, the girls exhibiting the earliest breast development in this 2009 study had elevated urine levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals known as "phthalates." Phthalates are substances used to enhance the durability of plastics and are commonly present in various items, ranging from vinyl flooring to food packaging.
Girls who experience early puberty face an elevated risk of various psychological challenges, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Additionally, there is an increased likelihood of developing breast or uterine cancer in adulthood.
Endocrine disruptors, a category of chemicals, are recognized for their ability to interfere with hormones, leading to adverse effects on both humans and wildlife. The endocrine system, a sophisticated network of glands, serves as a crucial communication and control link between the nervous system and various bodily functions, including reproduction, immunity, metabolism, and behavior. The disruptive impact of these chemicals on the endocrine system raises concerns about their potential to disturb the delicate balance of essential physiological processes, posing risks to the life-long health of our children.
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, and PFAS, has been linked to hormone disruption in both children and adults. Addressing these concerns is crucial for safeguarding the well-being of the younger generation and promoting a healthier environment.
Two recent studies have found that unborn children are being exposed and impacted by exposure to flame retardants and PFAS even before they are born. In one study, the authors “found PFAS in the livers of the fetuses, and unfortunately, the results provide strong evidence that exposure to these forever chemicals in the womb affects the unborn child….Those exposed to higher levels of PFAS have altered metabolism and liver function long before birth.”
The replacement for some flame retardants, known as organophosphate esters, has been associated with health risks for unborn children. A study involving over 6,500 infant-mother pairs discovered a connection between exposure to flame retardants and both premature birth and increased birth weight. Preterm birth can lead to various health issues for the baby, including breathing and feeding problems, developmental delays, cerebral palsy, and vision and hearing problems. Higher birth weights are linked to an increased risk of childhood obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Collectively, these studies raise concerns, particularly given the limited understanding of the long-term effects of exposures. However, waiting for a comprehensive understanding of the lifelong impacts is not necessary to implement measures safeguarding future generations. Adhering to the precautionary principle, steps should be taken to prevent exposure in future generations until the safety of these chemicals is conclusively established. This approach emphasizes a proactive and preventive stance to minimize potential harm, especially when uncertainties exist regarding the full extent of the risks involved.
Mindi Messmer, MS, PG, CG is an environmental and public health scientist and author of Female Disruptors which is available on Amazon.